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ubuntu18安装mysql5.7

news 2025/9/15 11:54:46

环境
Os:ubuntu 18.04 desktop桌面版
mysql:mysql-5.7.42-linux-glibc2.12

查看操作系统信息

root@db:/soft# uname -a
Linux db 4.15.0-20-generic #21-Ubuntu SMP Tue Apr 24 06:16:15 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linuxroot@db:/soft# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04 LTS"
VERSION_ID="18.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=bionic
UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic

1.介质准备
mysql-5.7.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
该介质可以从官网上进行下载

2.创建mysql用户和用户组(取消,系统已经自动创建了)
说明：V10已经存在mysql组和mysql用户,V11需要安装如下创建
root@db:/soft# groupadd mysql
root@db:/soft# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql

3.创建安装目录
[root@localhost soft]# mkdir -p /home/middle

3.下载解压二进制文件,解压,进入解压出来的文件
root@db:/soft# cd /soft
root@db:/soft# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
root@db:/soft# mv mysql-5.7.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /home/middle/mysql57

4.在mysql主目录下建立相应的目录
data目录存放数据文件,conf目录存放配置文件
[root@localhost mysql5733]#cd /home/middle/mysql57
[root@localhost mysql5733]#mkdir data ##数据文件目录
[root@localhost mysql5733]#mkdir conf ## 配置文件目录
[root@localhost mysql5733]#mkdir -p mysqllog/relaylog ##主从环境relaylog
[root@localhost mysql5733]#mkdir -p mysqllog/logfile ##错误日志文件
[root@localhost mysql5733]#mkdir -p mysqllog/binlog ##binlog文件
[root@localhost mysql5733]#mkdir -p secure_file ##secure_file_priv参数指定路

5.在conf目录下创建配置文件my.cnf,配置文件内容如下

root@db:/home/middle/mysql57/conf# more my.cnf 
[mysqld]
port=13306
server-id=1
basedir=/home/middle/mysql57
datadir=/home/middle/mysql57/data
max_connections = 5000
character_set_server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8mb4_general_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
interactive_timeout=86400
wait_timeout=86400
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size= 128M
max_allowed_packet=32M
query_cache_size=32M
read_buffer_size=2M
sort_buffer_size=1M
join_buffer_size= 128M
innodb_file_per_table= 1
innodb_open_files= 5000
innodb_buffer_pool_size= 4G
innodb_write_io_threads= 16
innodb_read_io_threads= 16
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads= 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit= 2
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
innodb_log_file_size=512M
innodb_log_files_in_group= 5
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct= 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout= 120
bulk_insert_buffer_size= 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M
myisam_max_sort_file_size= 10G
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
event_scheduler=1
max_binlog_size=100M
binlog_format=row
log-bin=/home/middle/mysql57/mysqllog/binlog/binlog.bin
slow_query_log=on
slow_query_log_file=/home/middle/mysql57/mysqllog/logfile/slow-query.log
long_query_time=1
log_queries_not_using_indexes=on
log-error=/home/middle/mysql57/mysqllog/logfile/mysql-err.log
binlog_cache_size=4MB
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
expire_logs_days=15
skip-slave-start
relay-log-index=/home/middle/mysql57/mysqllog/relaylog/slave-relay-bin.index
relay-log=/home/middle/mysql57/mysqllog/relaylog/relaylog-binlog
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema,performance_schema,sys
slave_net_timeout=60
language=/home/middle/mysql57/share/english
early-plugin-load=""
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
log_slave_updates=1
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
lower_case_table_names=1
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
secure_file_priv=/home/middle/mysql57/secure_file[client]
port = 13306
default-character-set = utf8mb4[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M

6.修改mysql目录权限
[root@localhost opt]#cd /home/middle
[root@localhost opt]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./mysql57

7.初始化数据库
cd /home/middle/mysql57/bin
root@db:/home/middle/mysql57/bin# ./mysqld --initialize --lower-case-table-names=1 --user=mysql --basedir=/home/middle/mysql57 --datadir=/home/middle/mysql57/data
./mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决办法:
apt-get install libaio-dev

8.启动
[root@localhost opt]#echo>/home/middle/mysql57/mysqllog/logfile/mysql-err.log
[root@localhost opt]#cd /home/middle
[root@localhost opt]#chown -R mysql:mysql ./mysql57

[root@localhost middle]# /home/middle/mysql57/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/middle/mysql57/conf/my.cnf --user=mysql &

9.登陆mysql并修改密码
[mysql@localhost bin]$ /home/middle/mysql57/bin/mysql -h localhost -uroot -P13306 -p
Enter password:

mysql> select version();
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

修改密码
mysql> set password=password('mysql');

10.重启
停掉
su - root
/home/middle/mysql57/bin/mysqladmin -h localhost -uroot -P13306 -pmysql shutdown

启动
/home/middle/mysql57/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/middle/mysql57/conf/my.cnf --user=mysql &

11.正常登录
/home/middle/mysql57/bin/mysql -h localhost -uroot -P13306 -p

创建数据库
mysql> create database db_test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

创建开发用户
grant all on db_test.* to 'hxl'@'%' identified by 'mysql';

12.停掉数据库
方便后面使用系统命令启动
/home/middle/mysql57/bin/mysqladmin -h localhost -uroot -P13306 -pmysql shutdown

13.设置开启自启动

设置开机自启动
在/etc/systemd/system目录下创建 mysql.service 文件
root下操作
vi /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service

[Unit]
Description=mysql
[Service]
User=mysql
LimitNOFILE=100000
LimitNPROC=100000
ExecStart=/home/middle/mysql57/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/middle/mysql57/conf/my.cnf
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

注意如下两个参数不能设置太小，否则mysql会不停重启动

LimitNOFILE=100000
LimitNPROC=100000

设置开机自启
systemctl enable mysql
systemctl daemon-reload

尝试启动
systemctl start mysql
systemctl status mysql

systemctl stop mysql
systemctl status mysql

可以的话进行系统reboot,看是否会自动启动

##########################安装xtrabackup##############################
使用percona-xtrabackup-2.4.28-Linux-x86_64.glibc2.17.tar.gz

cd /soft
tar -xvf percona-xtrabackup-2.4.28-Linux-x86_64.glibc2.17.tar.gz
mv percona-xtrabackup-2.4.28-Linux-x86_64.glibc2.17 /opt/xtrabackup-2.4.28

备份
/opt/xtrabackup-2.4.28/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=/home/middle/mysql57/conf/my.cnf --user=root --password=mysql --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --stream=tar /tmp|gzip >/tmp/xtrabackup_20250912.tar.gz

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